Hormone Therapy (HT) is a treatment approach used to supplement or regulate hormone levels in the body. While often associated with menopause and gender-affirming care, HT is also applied in managing low testosterone, gynecological disorders, infertility, and certain cancers.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

MHT typically involves a combination of synthetic or bioidentical estrogen and progesterone to alleviate menopausal symptoms.

Estrogen-Only Therapy

• Alleviates symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
• Recommended for women who have had a hysterectomy.

Combination Therapy

• Reduces the risk of endometrial cancer and osteoporosis.
• Combines estrogen and progesterone for women with an intact uterus.

Potential Risks: Blood clots and other complications. It’s crucial to discuss these with a healthcare professional before starting MHT.

Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT)

GAHT is part of a holistic care plan to help align an individual’s physical characteristics with their gender identity.

Estrogen and Anti-Androgens

• Reduces facial hair growth.
• Redistributes body fat.
• Promotes breast development.

Testosterone Therapy

• Deepens the voice.
• Increases muscle mass.
• Stimulates facial and body hair growth.

Benefits: Research indicates GAHT improves mental health and quality of life for transgender individuals.

Hormone Therapy for Male Hypogonadism (Low Testosterone)

Testosterone therapy is a common treatment for male hypogonadism, where the body doesn’t produce sufficient sex hormones.

Symptoms of Low Testosterone

• Reduced libido
• Fatigue
• Decreased muscle and bone mass
• Increased body fat
• Mood changes

Benefits: Testosterone therapy can enhance energy levels, bone density, and mood, though it’s essential to monitor for side effects like increased red blood cell counts and changes in cholesterol levels.

Hormone Therapy for Gynecologic Conditions

HT is also utilized to manage gynecologic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.

For PCOS

• Combination birth control helps regulate menstrual cycles and reduce excess androgen levels.
• Progestin-only IUDs may improve symptoms.

For Endometriosis

• Progestins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and antagonists help reduce the growth of endometrial tissue and manage pain.

Treatment Plans: Vary based on individual symptoms and health goals, including fertility preservation.

Hormone Therapy for Fertility

HT can aid those trying to conceive by addressing hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation or sperm production. It is often part of a broader treatment plan designed by a reproductive endocrinologist.

Common Hormonal Treatments

• Clomiphene citrate or letrozole: Stimulate ovulation.
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): Triggers ovulation.
• Progesterone: Supports early pregnancy or assists in implantation during IVF.

Hormone Therapy for Cancer

Healthcare professionals may recommend HT for treating adrenal, breast, endometrial, or prostate cancer.

Benefits of Cancer-Related HT

• Slows or stops cancer growth.
• Reduces cancer-related symptoms.

Comprehensive Plan: Typically includes surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy alongside HT.

Conclusion

HT has diverse applications, from managing menopause symptoms and supporting gender affirmation to treating certain conditions and boosting fertility. If you’re considering HT, consult with a healthcare professional to discuss your goals, medical history, and any concerns. Together, you can create a personalized treatment plan that meets your needs.